Yule chapter 9,10,11

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  • Semantics study of meaning in language
  • Synonyms two words that are very close in meaning
  • collocation words that occur together very often/word partnerships
  • Autonyms two forms with opposite meanings
  • hyponym a subclass term, e.g. cat (hyponym) is a type of animal (superordinate). There is a hierarchical relationship between words
  • homphone words that have different form and meaning but the same pronunciation, e.g. sew/sow/so
  • Homonym words that coincidentally have the same form, e.g. bank (of a river/financial institution). The two senses are unrelated.
  • Polysemy two words with distinct meanings that derive from the same historical root; their senses are semantically related, even if the meanings have drifted apart with time. Examples include head and bright. The senses are related.
  • metonymy a feature associated with a concept is used to represent the concept as a whole, i.e. a word is replaced by something associated with it, e.g.:
  • inference hearer makes connections that are not explicit.
  • Pragmatics Studying how we interpret an utterance using our world knowledge and background beliefs.•It investigates how the meaning that a speaker intends to communicate by using a particular utterance in a particular context is understood by the addressee.•One type of context is the physical environment or setting at a certain time in a certain place, helping us to interpret words like now and here.
  • Personal deixis you, we, me
  • Deixis refers to words and phrases, such as "me" or "here", that cannot be fully understood without additional contextual information
  • Spatial deixis Here, there, by that, come
  • temporal deixis the day after tomorrow, this weekend, now, recently, soon
  • declarative I like coffeemake a statement
  • interogative Are you from Brighton?ask a question / an inquiry
  • Imperative Sit down everyonemake an order / directive
  • direct speech act When a sentence type is used with its typical function
  • indirect speech act the function does not correspond to the sentence structure
  • Discourse language beyond the sentence
  • Cohesion Uses linguistic devices to show connections within a text.
  • Anaphora refering back

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Utdelad övning

https://glosor.eu/ovning/yule-chapter-9-10-11.9042135.html

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