Pragmatics, discourse analysis

Deixis A reference by means of an expression, the interpretation of which is relative to the (usually) extralinguistic context of the utterance

Anaphora Referring back to a referent

Cataphora Referring forward to a referent

Presupposition Background belief

Face A person’s public self image

Negative face The need to be independent, free from imposition

Positive face The need to be connected, to belong, to be a member of the group

Face-threatening acts Saying something that presents a threat to someone’s face

Face-saving acts Saying something that reduces a possible threat to someone’s face

Speech act An action that involves language: Requesting, commanding, questioning, informing, promising

Direct speech act An action in which the form used directly matches the function

Indirect speech act An action in which the form used does not directly match the function

Klicka