Physiology 1

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• polycythemia increase amount of red blood cells
• anemia decrease amount of red blood cells
• get energy via glycolysis the red blood cells
• poikilocytosis a variation in the shapes of red blood cells
• amount of rbc:s 4, 5-5, 5 million/mm3 blood
• anisocytosis red blood cells with diffrent diameters
• lifespan of rbc 120 days
• no nucleus rbc:s
• Function of RBC carries oxygen from the lungs to our tissues
• hematopoiesis formation of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets
• erythropoiesis the making of red blood cells
• young leukocyte acute inflammation
• aging leukocytes chronic inflammation
• diapedesis when leukocytes leaves the blood vessel and goes to the target tissue that encountered the inflammation it will do phagocytosis
• hypoxemia low levels of oxygen in the blood
• hypoxia low levels of oxygen in your body tissues
• Thalassemia when the body doesn´t make enough of hemoglobin
• leukocytes white blood cells
• erythrocytes red blood cells
• platelets thrombocytes
• amount of wbc:s 4000-8000/mm of blood
• leukocytosis increase in white blood cell count
• leukopenia decrease in number of leukocytes
• Neutrophils 65%
• Eosinophils 2-4%
• Basophil 0, 5-1%
• leukocyte types neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes
• acting as first line of defense neutrophils (65%)
• basophil and eosinophils only in allergic reactions
• albumin maintains osmotic pressure
• Globulin antibodies
• fibrinogen involved in blood clotting
• ischemia inadequate irrigation of a certain tissue
• irrigation blood flow
• diastole relaxation
• systole contraction
• human heart beats 65-100 beats/minut
• Ischemia on ECG if the t-wave is deflected or abnormal
• lesion on ECG if the isoelectric line is up or down on the st-segment
• necrosis on ECG if q-wave is larger than 1mm
• regurgitation leakage (does not close properly)
• stenosis not fully opened
• insufficency not closed tightly
• if p wave is bipolar atrial hypertrophy
• ventricles on ECG QRS complex
• p wave on ECG depolarization of the atria
• agranulocytes lymphocytes and monocytes
• granulocytes neutrophils, eosinophils, basophil
• produce antibodies the lymphocytes
• two types of lymphocytes T and B cells
• 3 types of t lymphocytes killer (kills antigens), helper (antibody synthesis), suppressor (stops the killers)
• lifespan of t lymphocytes 10-20 years
• Factor VIII willebrand factor that is involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway
• Blood fluid connective tissue
• blood volume about 8% of body weight
• ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• lifespan of thrombocytes 8-13 days
• hemostasis the physiological process that stops bleeding
• Hemolytic anemia having too few red blood cells because of hemolysis
• when antibodies bind to antigens the pathogen is inactivated
• factors influencing ESR red blood cells by number and shape, plasma proteins (albumins, globulins), paraproteins

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