Morphology, word formation

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• Neologism A new word
• Etymologi The study of the origin and history is known as its etymology
• Borrowing Taking over words from other languages
• Borrowing/Loan-translation or calque Direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language
• Compounding Joining of two seperate words to produce a single form
• Blending The combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term (breakfast + lunch=brunch)
• Clipping The element of reduction that is noticeable in blending (ad=advertisement, bra=brassiere etc)
• Hypocorisms A particular type of reduction (australian & british english) - a longer word is reduced to a single syllable (y, ie is added at the end) (telly=television, barbie=barbecue)
• Backformation Reduction process, television=televise, donation=donate
• Conversion A change in the function of a word, noun=verb, bottle = we bottled the home-brew last night
• Coinage The invention and general use of totally new terms (not common in english) (google- made up words)
• Eponyms New words based on the name of a person or a place
• Acronyms New words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words (CD=compact disk) (NASA)
• Derivation word-formation process in the production of new words, (affixes = -ful, -less, joyful, careless)
• Prefixes and suffixes affixes in the beginning = prefixes (un, mis), affixes in the end = suffixes ( -less, -ish)
• Infixes affix incorporated inside another word (not common in english) un FUCKING believable
• Multiple processes - borrowing form delicatessen (german) = clipping that borrowing = deli

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