Molekylär tenta 2022

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• A typical energy of a hydrogen bond (e.g water at room temperature is roughly? 2-5 kcal/mol, 2-5 kJ/mol, 2-5 kT
• Each unit of DNA in a strand consist of.. A sugar phosphate and a nucleobase, A histone a nucleotide and a nucleoside, A codon a purine and a pyrimidine
• The hydrogen bonding pattern in an alpha helix is Residue i to i+4, Residue i to i+5, Residue i to i+6
• How many layers of protein domain usually consist of= 2 or 3, 4 or more, 1
• The sodium/potassium pump (Na/K ATPase) uses energy from the hydrolysis of ATP to transport 2 potassium ions into the cell and 3 sodium ions out of the cell, both against their electrochemical gradient. This is a case of? Transporter-mediated active transport, Non-mediated active transport, Passive diffusion
• What is the general function of an enzyme? Lowering the free energy of the transition state, Lowering the energy of the initial state (of the chemical reaction), Lowering the free energy of the final state
• Defects such as burying a polar residue into the hydrophobic core of the protein only "cost" about 2 kcal/mol. However, such defects are unlikely to happen because: Most random sequences do not form a stable structure, There are approximately equal fractions of hydrophobic/hydrophilic residues, Beta sheets/Alpha helices tend to segregate and not appear together in a fold
• Orthologs are Homologous proteins that perform the same function in different organisms, Homologous proteins that perform different functions in the same organism, Common ancestors of the same protein
• What is a ΔΔG value? A difference of free-energy differences, The change of a free-energy difference with temperature, The contribution of the entropy to a free energy difference
• Some of the trial drugs against covid-19 work by blocking the site in the main virus protease used to split the virus genome into several small proteins. Such drugs are examples of Antagonists, Inverse agonists, agonists

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