Miljötoxologi

toxicants anything that can cause adverse effects on living organisms

toxins are produced by living cells

toxic a substance with toxic properties

legislation known harmful chemicals replaced by others

convention vertical

advection horizontal

dry deposition airborne particles falls down by gravity

wet deposition particles or gases that dissolve in water are washed out of the atmosphere by precipitation

kd stol adsorption coefficient

resuspension waves that make the sand on the bottom of the water to move

kow the octane/water coefficient

POP persistent organic pollutants

POC persistent organic compounds

bioconcentration describes the accumulation of a water-born chemical by an aquatic organism

BCFss the ratio of the concentration of the substance in a specific genus to the exposure concentration

PBT substances persistant bioaccumulative and toxic

vPvB substances very persistant and very bio accumulative

bioaccumulation net result of adsorption, disruption, excretion and metabolism of a substance in an organism

BAF the study-state ration of the substance conc. in an organism to the concentration in the sourinding medium.

BSAF biota-sediment accumulation factor

TMF trophic magnification factor

biomagnification concentration increases in organism with a increase of one trophic level in a food chain

trophic dilution the concentration of a substance in a predator is lower than that in its pray

secondary poisoning the toxic effects in the higher members of a food chain that result from ingestion of a organism from lower trophic levels that contain accumulated substances

good "chemical status" concentration of priority substances should be keept below their respective environmental quality standards

EQS concentration of a pollutant in water, sediment, biota that should not be exceeded in order to protect human health and the enviroment

passive diffusion movement of molecules across the membrane without engird expenditure

active transport movement of molecules against a concentration gradient of electrical potential. requires energy.

filtration movement of molecules across the membrane due to hydrostatic pressure

faciliated diffusion movement of molecules across the membrane using transport proteins

endocytosis cells engulf molecules found in the outside

free radicals highly reactive and unstable molecules. ny-product produced by oxidation in the body. steels electrons from other molecules.

xenobiotic chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced by it

metabolism biochemical reactions taking place in living organisms to sustain life and maintain a homeostatic environment

biotransformation chemical transformation of a xenobiotic in the body

cofactor molecule that is required for the enzyme to function

holoenzyme apoenzyme+cofactor

coenzyme when the cofactor is an organic substance

Phase I enzymatic attachment of a functional group to make the xenobiotic more water-soluble

Phase II build up of a lager conjugate

UDP-glucuronyltransferase UGT

superoxide dismutase SOD

catalase CAT

Physical filters air borne particles that sticks to the respiratory mucosae

chemical filters specificity of nutrient reuptake in the gut

site of action place where the effects occur

mechanism of action specific cellular biochemical or molecular interaction caused by the xenobiotic on the site of action

toxicokinetics how the organism affects the xenobiotic, how the xenobiotic is handled by the organism

toxicodynamics how the xenobiotic affects the organism

ROS reactive oxygen species. peroxides, superoxide hydroxyl radical

Ah Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

ARNT Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translator

Toxicodynamics study of toxic action on living systems

Additivity if operating on the same mechanism, two toxicants are likely to display additive effects

synergism etanol and carbon tetrachloride are more toxic tighter than apart

potentiation the potentater has no effect of its own but potentates the other

antagonism one toxicant subtract the effects from the other

HQ hazard quotient

HI hazard identification

DRA dose-response assessment

NOEL no observed effect level

NOEC no observed effect concentration

NOAEL no observed adverse effect level

LOEL lowest observed effect level

LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect level

LD50 lethal dose, cause death to 50% of the population

LC50 lethal concentration for 50% of the population

CPF cancerpotenty factor

aggregate dose the level accumulated from multiple exposures

cumulative dose the aggregated dose accounting for all exposures affecting the same mechanisms

risk benchmark toxic endpoints PNEC/assessment factor

Assessment factor addresses the differences between laboratory data and natural conditions

ADI acceptable daily intake

PNEC Predicted no effect concenration

ECR excess cancer risk

CPF cancer potenty factor

API active pharmaceutical ingredient

PEC predicted environmental concentration

risk factor PNEC/conc

PNEC NOEL/AF

HI exposure/effects

HQ ration of exposure dose to the effect dose

trophic dilution the conc of a substance in a predator is lower than in its prey

secondary poisoning the toxic effects in the higher member of a food chain that resulted of ingestion of organisms from lower levels of the trophic levels that contain accumulated levels of toxicants

endocrine disruptors and exogenoussubstans that alters the function(s) in the endocrine system. can cause adversed helat effects to organism, its offspring or populations

aggregated dose the accumulated level of multiple exposures

cumulative dose the aggregated dose accounting for all exposures affecting the same mechanism

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