lecture 2, parameters of blood vessels (lite ECG)

blood pressure in aorta 100 mmHg

blood pressure in arteries, in large circuit 70 mmmHg

blood pressure in large circuit, arterioles 35 mmHg

blood pressure in capillareis in large circuit 15 mmHg

blood pressure in veins in large circuit 0 to -3 mmHg

pulmonary circulation: blood pressure in pulmonary trunk 18-20 mmHg

blood pressure in pulmonary circulation in arterial end of capillaries 12 mmHg

blood pressure in end of capillaries of pulmonary circulation 6 mmHg

veins blood pressure, pulmonary circulation 2 mmHg

summary cross section area in aorta 4 cm2

capillaries cross sectional area, in large circuit 2000-3000 cm2

vena cava cross section 8 cm2

pulmonary circulation cross sectional area of capillaries 4000 cm2

linear velocit in aorta 0.5 m/s

linear velocity in capillaries 0.5 mm/s

linear velocity in vena cava 0.2 m/s

one of the three types of cardiac muscle cells is pacemaker cells which primarily job is to conduct impulses

pacemaker cells has automaticity which means that it can generate impulses itself

one of the 3 types of cardiomuscle cells is working myocardial cells which role is to contract to move blood in the heart

one of the 3 cells in the heart is endocrine cardiomyocytes which release ANP and BNP

ANP and BNP are released from atrium respectively ventricles, these are released when blood volume in the heart increases

sinoatrial node sends impulses to the AV node and bachmann´s bundle

the secondary pacemaker cells are atrioventricular node

the 3rd degree pacemaker cells are atrioventricular bundle

... allows for synchronized contractions of both left and right side of the heart purkinje fibres

speed of impulse conduction in atria is 1 m/s

speed of impulse conduction in atrioventircular node is 0.1 m/s

in the atrioventricular node there is a delay in the impulse conudction which is good because it separates the atrial and ventricular contraction in time

speed of impulse conduction in the ventricles is 1-4 m/s

speed of impulse condcution in working myocardium is 0.3-0.5 m/s

automaticity in the sinoatrial node (frequency) 60-80 x/min

automaticity in atrioventricular node (frequency) 40-60 x/min

automaticity in atrioventricular bundle (frequency) 15-40 x/min

if atrioventricular node fails, we can use artificial pacemakers which helps to generate impulses for the heart contraction if the heart isnt conductiing impulses properly

duration of P wave ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.06-0.1 s

duration of PQ segment ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.04-0.1 s

duration of PQ interval ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.12-0.2 s

duration of QRS complex ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.06-0.1 s

duration of QT interval: WRITE smaller than ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) smaller than 0.3-0.45 s

amplitude for P wave: ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.1-0.3 mV

amplitude for R wave: ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.8-1.8 mV

amplitude for T wave: ..-.. (provide unit, use . ) 0.2-0.4 mV

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