Kapitel 22 5e upplagan

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• Respiratory pigments Hemoglobin, a metalloprotein that contains metal atoms, iron (pigments)
• Oxygen-carrying capacity Respiratory pigments increase this capacity, the total amount of oxygen that can be carried by each unit of volume
• Oxygenated When hemoglobin and other respiratory pigments combine with oxygen
• Deoxygentated When they release oxygen from the respiratory pigment
• Haem The iron part of hemoglobin
• Globin the protein part of hemoglobin which oxygen binds to; in vertebrates they can bind four oxygen molecules because there is four globin units
• Myoglobin muscle hemaglobin in vertebrates, and gives the muscle its red color
• Oxygen equilibrium curve show the functional relation between the percentage of binding sites that are oxygenated and the oxygen partial pressure
• Saturated if the oxygen patial pressure is high enough for all binding sites to be oxygenated in animals' respiratory pigments
• Percent saturation percentage of binding sites that are oxygenated
• Volume percent the volume of gas carried per 100 volumes of blood of gas as an oxygen carrying capacity
• Mixed venous blood blood that represent a mixture of the venous blood coming from all parts of the body back to the heart
• The critical venous O2 patial pressure The venous O2 patial pressure below which aerobic catabolism becomes impaired
• Affinity how readily the respiratory pigment combines with oxygen
• Low affintiy when high oxygen partial pressure for full loading and that conversely unload substantial amounts of oxygen at relatively high partial pressure
• High affinity Pigments that load fully at low partial pressure and need low partial pressure for unloading
• 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate, 2, 3-BPG A compond within the red blood cells which affects hemoglobin's oxygen affinity, this one is the most important in humans to contain a normal concentration within the cells
• Acidosis When the pH of the body fluids is shifted to the acid side of an animal’s normal pH at a given body temperature
• Alkalosis When the shift in pH is to the alkaline side of an animal’s normal pH
• Respiratory disturbance When pH is changed by changes in the rate of CO2 elimination by the lungs or gills
• Respiratory alkalosis when the exhalation of CO2 is increased relative to CO2 production -> CO2 partial pressure in body fluids to be driven below the level needed to maintain normal pH
• Respiratory acidosis When the exhalation of CO2 is to void CO2 in the rate that it is produced
• Metabolic acidosis a change in HCO-3 concentration that can occur during chronic diarrhea because of excessive loss of HCO-3 in evacuated gastrointestinal fluids, or lactic acid production during exercise

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