EKG107

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• Source: Innovation Smith, 2024
• Innovation categories Product, Process, Service
• Source: Innovation Strategy Smith, 2024
• Innovation strategy First mover, Follower
• EX first mover eBay
• EX follower Google
• Source: Innovation policy Edler & Fagerberg, 2017
• Innovation policy Mission, Invention, System, Market-failure
• Mission- oriented policy Defense, Climate
• Invention- oriented policy Support R&D, Universities, Research Councils
• System- oriented policies Strengthen networks: Firms, Universities, Institutions
• Market-failure policies IPR- protection, Public research funding
• Advantages- Patents as Indicators Legal protection, Comparability across countries
• Disadvantages- Patents as Indicators Not all innovations patented, Quality varies
• NIS Indicators Patentes, R&D expenditure, Scientific publications
• Source: RIS Deficiencies Tödtling & Trippl, 2005
• RIS Deficiencies Organisational thinness, Negative lock-in, Fragmentation
• Organisational thinness depends on Actors, Institutions
• Negative lock-in depends on Industries
• Fragmentation depends on Connection between actors
• Organisational thinness countries Bulgari, Romania, Greece
• Negative lock-in countries North East England, Sardinia
• Fragmentation countries Poland, Slovakia
• Source: Technology S-curve Smith, 2024
• Technology S-curve early stage- slow, growth stage- fast, maturity stage- slow
• EX Technology S-curve Mobile phone
• Source: External Routes to Innovation Smith, 2024
• External Routes to Innovation Licensing, Spinn-offs
• Licensing Inventor keeps IPR, company pay to use
• Spin-offs Company starts a business and sells it
• Reasons to external routes Lack off Money, Knowledge, Resources, Reach
• Source: Innovation Indicators Smith, 2024
• R&D Expenditures Absolute spending on R&D
• R&D Intensity Spending as % of GDP
• R&D Expenditure countries US, China
• R&D Intensity countries Israel, South Korea, Nordic countries
• Source: Knowledge Bases In Cluster Porter, 1998
• Knowledge Bases in Cluster Analytical, Synthetic, Symbolic
• Clusters are geographic concentrations of companies and institutions in a particular field
• Analytical knowledge is Science driven
• Synthetic knowledge is Engineering, Problem solving
• Symbolic knowledge is Creative, Culture
• Analytical Knowledge sector Biotech
• Synthetic knowledge sector Construction
• Symbolic knowledge sector Art, Fashion, Design
• Source: IPR Smith, 2024
• Patents protect Technical Inventions
• Trademarks protect Logos, Brand names
• Copyrights protect Creative works, Books, Music, Film
• Registered Design protects Visual appearance, shape, color
• EX Patent Samsonite, Roxkin

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