Biomek Dugga

Övningen är skapad 2023-10-10 av EvyLam. Antal frågor: 93.




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  • Frontal delar på långsidan
  • anterior sett framifrån
  • posterior ser bakifrån
  • ventral sett framifrån
  • dorsal sett bakifrån
  • transverse dela på kortsidan
  • sagitalplan delar kroppen i vänster och höger sida
  • mid sagittal delar kroppen i exakt mitten till höger och vänster sida
  • inferior mot fötterna
  • superior mot huvudet
  • medial mot mitten av kroppen
  • lateral ut från kroppen
  • trabecular spongy bone
  • cortical compact bone
  • poristeum håller vätskan inuti benet
  • mesostructure kombination av olika strukturer i ben
  • cancellous bone spongy bone
  • Strain Describes deformation. A measure of how much a material deforms when subjected to an external force or load
  • Ductile large plastic deformation
  • Brittle No plastic deformation
  • Stiffness Represented by strain (). How much a material can deform when force is applied
  • Strength how much lowd can be applied before broken
  • Stress stress is a measure of the internal forces within a material when subjected to an external load, and it provides information about how the material responds to that load.
  • Isotropic material Same properties in all directions
  • Anisotropic material different properties in all directions
  • Orthotropic material properties differing along 3 axes
  • compression press
  • tension pull out
  • bending böja
  • shear gnugga
  • torsion vrida
  • Cartilage brosk
  • hyaline Cartilage low friction
  • fibroCartilage lines, fibers that aliens a certain direction
  • elastic cartilage elastic fibers, f.e. ears and nose
  • Tendon (sena) connects muscle to bones
  • ligaments connects bone to bone
  • Antagonists muskler som gör varandras motsatta rörelse, t.ex. flex & extend
  • Synergist muskler som har samma funktion och som hjälper varandra i arbetet
  • dynamic muscle work muscle contraction
  • concentric muscle shortens: acceleration of motion
  • eccentric extension: retardation of motion
  • isometric Muscle holding something still
  • isokinetric muscle work constant velocity
  • isotonic constant force
  • PCSA physiological cross sectional area
  • Classification of joints classified by the number of axes it can move/restain
  • Hinge joint 1-dimensional
  • pivot or trochoid joint 1-dimensional
  • ellipsoid joint 2-dimensional
  • saddle joint 2-dimensional
  • locking joint 2-dimensional
  • ball and socket joint 3-dimensional
  • q-angle angle formed between the quadriceps muscles and the patella tendon
  • Meniscus an fibrocartilage anatomical structure
  • arthritis disorder that affects joints because of cartilage is broken down
  • osteoarthritis most common form of arthritis
  • Intervertebral disc lies between each vertebrae
  • scoliosis spine is not straight
  • multibody dynamics system with multiple solid bodies that are connected and that moves joint
  • degree of freedom refers to the measure of the number of independent parameters or variables that can describe the state or motion of a system. It quantifies how many different ways a system can move or change
  • femoral offset the distance between the center of rotation of the hip joint and the long axis of the femur
  • fatigue fracture a fracture that occurs because of small loadings during a long time
  • Stiffness a materials resistance to deformation
  • Ductility How much stress a material can handle before breaking AFTER reaching permanent deformation.
  • Strength the point where the material starts to break. Maximum stress.
  • Hardness A measure of a materials resistance to deformation by surface indentation (like poking with something small and pointy).
  • Britleness It fracture with little elastic deformation
  • Fatigue breaking even though not loaded with maximum stress. Small loads during a long time can break the material.
  • Creep apply the same stress on material, keep int constant and evaluate
  • secondary state Comes after creep-state, linear part
  • toughness Measures how well a material can withstand the application of a load without rupturing or failing. The ability to absorb energy up to a fracture = total area under stress-strain curve
  • dura mater the utterest cerebral membrane
  • coup injury the injury occurs right below the place where i get hit
  • countrecoup injury the injury occurs on the opposite side from where the hit occurs because the brain is "floating"
  • abbreviated injury scale AIS empirically based categorical index ranging from 0 -6 for describing injuries
  • Head injury criterion HIC is a measure used to assess the likelihood of head injuries resulting from a sudden impact or collision
  • strain gauges change persistence resistance depending on how much deforming them. Dummies (dolls used for tests) have these built in when doing the tests for measurements
  • autograft biological implants within same individual
  • allograft biological implants between individuals but same species
  • xenograft biological implants from different species
  • ALC injury injury because of tear in ligament between femur and tibia
  • Flexion moving th leg forwards (hamstring f.e.)
  • extension moving the leg backwards (quadriceps f.e.)
  • abduction moving the leg outwards (hip abduction)
  • adduction moving the leg inwards (hip adduction)
  • internal rotation moving the foot in
  • external rotation moving the foot out
  • mechanobiology explores how mechanical forces influence biological responses at molecular, cellular and tissue levels. It examines the interaction between mechanical force and biological systems
  • Secondary (indirect) bone healing involving callus formation at the fracture site
  • primary (direct) bone healing bone fragments are in direct contact without callus formation
  • parallell muscles generates less force but can accommodate more fibers
  • pennate muscle generate more force but have limited space for muscle fibers

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Utdelad övning

https://glosor.eu/ovning/biomek-dugga.11727553.html

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