A President's Address

Alla Inga Spara

• inaugural first, opening
• humbled made to feel less important
• bestow (formal) give
• sacrifice giving up something to benefit others
• bear, (bore, born) endure, tolerate
• ancestor family member who lived a long time ago
• transition process of change
• rising tides of increases in
• amidst (literary) in the middle of
• raging forceful, violent
• high office leading position, top job
• ideals ideas about what is right
• forebears (formal) ancestors
• founding documents (here) historical papers relating to the creation of the US
• in the midst of (formal) in the middle of
• far-reaching having a great effect
• hatred strong dislike
• greed wanting more than you need
• age (here) period of history, era
• shed (shed, shed) get rid of
• shutter (AmE) close a business
• adversary enemy, opponent
• subject to dependent on, informed by
• sap weaken
• nagging persistent and worrying
• decline fall, weakening
• inevitable impossible to avoid
• sights (here) ambitions, expectations
• span of time period of time
• unity (here) agreement
• discord (formal) disagreement
• proclaim say something pubicly
• petty unimportant
• grievance compalint
• recriminations criticizing someone who has criticized you
• dogma belief, principle
• strangle (here) stop something developing
• Scripture the Bible
• reaffirm state something again
• enduring lasting
• precious valuable
• pursue try to achieve
• settle for accept
• faint-hearted not brave
• leisure free time
• doer an active person who achieves things
• rugged (literary) difficult
• worldly possessions everything you own
• toil (literary) work hard
• sweatshop factory with bad working conditions
• time and again often, repeatedly
• raw very sore, painful
• faction minority group
• prosperous rich and successful
• inventive creative
• goods objectsto be sold
• undiminished not reduced
• stand pat AmE remain unchanged
• remake make again, in a different way
• foundation (here) basis, structure
• electric grid network for distributing electricity
• restore bring back, re-establish
• wield use
• harness control and make use of
• soil part of the earth where plants grow
• common (here) general, shared
• Founding Fathers the people who made the US a acountry
• peril (literary) danger, risk
• draft write
• charter official document describing laws and rights
• expedience (formal) doing what is easy rather than morally right
• sake purpose, benefit
• peoples nations
• grand large, impressive
• face down confront, stand up to
• sturdy strong
• alliance union, pact between countries
• conviction belief
• entitle someone to give someone the right to
• emanate from (formal) come from
• justness fairness
• cause (here) aim, principle
• temper (formal) make milder, less extreme
• humility behaving in a humble way
• legacy something that exists as a result of a past event/action
• forge develop, create
• foe (literary) enemy
• roll back AmE reduce
• specter AmE sp. an unpleasant possibility
• waver hesitate, weaken
• advance (here) try to reach
• patchwork something made up of many different parts
• heritage inheritance, tradition
• swill liquid, waste
• humanity sympathy towards other people
• mutual shared
• globe (literary) the world
• sow, (sown, sown) (here) create, introduce
• judge form an opinion about
• destroy ruin, tear down
• deceit dishonesty, tricking people
• silence (here) make quiet
• dissent strong disagreement with general opinion
• extend (formal) offer
• willing agreeable, enthusiastic
• unclench (here) open
• pledge promise
• flourish develop and be successful
• flow run freely
• nourish feed
• plenty (formal) large quantities of food
• indifference lack of interest/sympathy
• suffering pain
• consume use up
• without regard to without considering
• gratitude feeling thankful
• Arlington a military cementery in the US
• guardian person who guards something
• embody be a symbol of
• service (here) duty
• inhabit (literary) live in
• determination pursuing a goal without giving up
• rely upon need
• levee a wall built to stop a river flooding
• selflessness the opposite of being selfish
• nurture take care of
• fair play honest behaviour, fairness
• grudgingly not willing
• satisfying pleasing
• citizenship belonging to a country
• destiny fate
• creed (formal) a set of beliefs
• magnificent very impressive/beautiful
• mall promenade, public walk way
• remembrance (formal) memory of an event
• huddle sit tight
• shores (here) edge
• outcome final result
• virtue good personal qualities
• hardship pain, suffering
• brave (here) endure, face up to
• grace love and kindness (of God)

Alla Inga Spara